生态保护补偿制度能否提高地区水资源利用效率？——基于水权试点的实证研究

生态保护补偿制度能否提高地区水资源利用效率？——基于水权试点的实证研究

Can the Ecological Protection Compensation System Improve Regional Water Use Efficiency? An Empirical Study Based on Water Right Pilot

《财经研究》2023年49卷第2期 页码：19 - 33 online：2023年2月3日

作者

中：于立宏 , 程思佳

英：Yu Lihong, Cheng Sijia

作者单位：华东理工大学 商学院，上海 200237

摘要及关键词

摘要：贯彻落实生态保护补偿制度，提高地区水资源利用效率，是平衡经济发展与水资源短缺之间矛盾的有效途径。为此，文章以水权试点政策为例，基于中国285个城市2005—2019年的面板数据，采用双重差分法研究生态保护补偿制度能否提高地区水资源利用效率。研究发现：（1）水权试点能够提高地区水资源利用效率，且该结论通过了一系列稳健性检验。（2）水权试点通过促进技术创新和水权转移两种途径提高地区水资源利用效率。（3）确权登记试点以及行业和用水户间水权交易试点有利于提高地区水资源利用效率，而跨区域水权交易试点无法有效提高地区水资源利用效率；金融发展水平和供水基础设施水平越高，水权试点的政策效果越明显；水权试点政策效果与水资源禀赋水平之间存在非线性关系，随着水资源禀赋水平的提升，水权试点的政策效果由不明显逐渐增强。（4）与水污染治理相似，水权试点的政策效果在省边界处也会大打折扣，即存在“边界效应”。文章为建立健全全国统一的水权交易市场、深化生态保护补偿制度改革提供了经验证据和政策启示。

关键词：水权试点；地区水资源利用效率；双重差分法；异质性 ；边界效应

Summary: China’s economic green transformation cannot be separated from the reform of water resource management. How to formulate policy tools that combine efficient markets and effective governments to improve regional water use efficiency is not only the need to balance the contradiction between water resource shortage and economic development, but also the need to promote the construction of ecological civilization. Water right pilot arises at the historic moment and is widely concerned by all sectors of the society. However, there is no consensus in the existing literature on the actual effect of water right pilot. Based on the panel data of 285 cities in China from 2005 to 2019, this paper takes water right pilot as an example to study whether the ecological protection compensation system can improve regional water use efficiency. The results show that: (1) Water right pilot can improve regional water use efficiency, and this conclusion has passed a series of robustness tests. (2) Water right pilot improves regional water use efficiency by promoting technological innovation and water right transfer. (3) The pilot of right confirmation and registration and water right trading between industries and consumers are conducive to improving regional water use efficiency, while the pilot of water right trading across regions cannot effectively improve regional water use efficiency. The higher the level of financial development and water infrastructure, the more obvious the effect of water right pilot. There is a nonlinear relationship between the effect of water right pilot and the water resource endowment level. With the improvement of water resource endowment level, the effect of water right pilot gradually increases from not obvious. (4) Similar to water pollution control, the effect of water right pilot will be greatly reduced at provincial boundaries. That is, there is a border effect. This paper provides empirical evidence and policy implications for establishing and perfecting the national unified water right trading market and deepening the reform of ecological protection compensation system. The marginal contributions of this paper are that: (1) It empirically tests the effect of China’s water right pilot on regional water use efficiency and supplements the effectiveness of empirical research on water right trading. (2) Based on Coase Theorem and Porter Hypothesis, and combined with the implementation rules for water right pilot, it clarifies and empirically tests the mechanism of water right pilot on regional water use efficiency from the two perspectives of technological innovation and water right transfer, and makes up for the deficiencies of relevant theoretical analysis and empirical testing. (3) Based on the actual construction situation of water right pilot in China, it notes that there is heterogeneity of pilot types and socio-economic characteristics in water right pilot. At the same time, combined with yardstick competition, this paper may be the first literature to find that the policy effect of water right pilot also has a border effect, and the research content is more comprehensive than the existing literature.

Key words:water right pilot; regional water use efficiency; DID; heterogeneity; border effect

其他信息

DOI：10.16538/j.cnki.jfe.20220614.203

收稿日期：2021-12-13

基金项目：国家社会科学基金重点项目（21AZD110）；国家自然科学基金面上项目（71773029）

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